Note 11.  Notes Payable

Convertible Senior Notes due 2027

The following table summarizes convertible debt as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):

The following table summarizes convertible debt as of June 30, 2023 (in thousands):

Interest expense on the Convertible Notes during the year ended June 30, 2024 included contractual interest of $2.6 million, $0.4 million paid of which was paid in cash and $2.2 million paid in stock and debt discount amortization of $0.6 million. Interest expense on the Convertible Notes during the year ended June 30, 2023 included contractual interest of $2.6 million, all of which was paid in stock and debt discount amortization of $0.6 million.

On June 9, 2022, the Company issued $44.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 6.0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 (the “Notes”) guaranteed by its wholly-owned subsidiary, Akoustis, Inc. (the “Guarantor”).

The Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture (the “Indenture”), dated June 9, 2022, among the Company, the Guarantor and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. The Notes bear interest at a rate of 6.0% per year until maturity on June 15, 2027 (the “Maturity Date”). Interest on the Notes accrues from the date of issuance or from the most recent date to which interest has been paid and is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2022. At the Company’s option, interest may be paid in cash and/or freely tradable shares of the Company’s common stock, subject to certain limitations, valued at 95% of the volume weighted average price of the common stock for the ten trading days ending on and including the trading day immediately preceding the interest payment date. The Company will settle conversions of the Notes through delivery of shares of common stock of the Company in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. The initial conversion price for the Notes is approximately $4.71 per share.

Conversion

On or after December 9, 2022, holders of the Notes may convert all or any portion of their Notes, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the Maturity Date. If any Notes are converted prior to June 9, 2025 (the “Interest Make-Whole Date”), the Company will make a payment to the holder of such Notes equal to the sum of the remaining scheduled payments of interest that would have been made on the Notes to be converted had such Notes remained outstanding from the conversion date through and including the Interest Make-Whole Date. The Company will have the option to pay such Interest Make-Whole Payment in cash and/or common stock, subject to certain limitations, valued at 95% of the volume weighted average price of the common stock for the ten trading days ending on and including the trading day immediately preceding the redemption date.

Issuer Redemption

The Company may redeem the Notes, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time on or after June 9, 2023 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest on such principal, if any, up to the redemption date. The Notes will become subject to the Company’s right to redeem as follows: (i) on or after June 9, 2023, up to one-third of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes initially issued; (ii) on or after June 9, 2024, up to two-thirds of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes initially issued; and (iii) on or after June 9, 2025, up to 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes initially issued; provided, that at any time the Company exercises the redemption right, (1) the closing sale price per share of the Company’s common stock is greater than 150% of the then-effective conversion price for each of 20 consecutive days of the 30 consecutive trading day period immediately preceding the Company’s redemption notice and (2) a registration statement registering the resale of all shares of common stock into which the principal amount of the Notes is convertible and all shares of common stock issuable as interest or as Interest Make-Whole Payments upon conversion or redemption of any Notes is effective and a current prospectus related thereto remains available throughout the period from the date the redemption notice is delivered to the holders to and including the redemption date. If the Company redeems the Notes prior to the Interest Make-Whole Date, the holder will also receive an interest make-whole payment equal to the remaining scheduled interest payments that would have been made on the notes redeemed had such notes remained outstanding through the Interest Make-Whole Date (an “Interest Make-Whole Payment”). The Company will have the option to pay such Interest Make-Whole Payment in cash and/or common stock, subject to certain limitations, valued at 95% of the volume weighted average price of the common stock for the ten trading days ending on and including the trading day immediately preceding the redemption date.

Fundamental Change

If the Company undergoes a “qualifying fundamental change,” as defined in the Indenture, under certain circumstances holders who convert their Notes in connection with such a qualifying fundamental change will be entitled to receive, at each holder’s option either (i) a “qualifying fundamental change payment” with respect to such converted Notes based on a make-whole table set forth in the Indenture, or (ii) if greater, the amount of any Interest Make-Whole Payment due in respect of the converted Notes. Subject to certain limitations, qualifying fundamental change payments will be made all in shares of common stock unless the Company gives written notice to the Note holders that it intends to make such payments either all or partially in cash. For purposes of determining any cash payment to be made in respect of a qualifying fundamental change payment, each share of common stock will be valued at 95% of the “Stock Price” (as determined in accordance with the Indenture).

The Company analyzed the components of the convertible notes for embedded derivatives and the application of the corresponding accounting treatment. This analysis determined that certain features of the notes represented derivatives that require bifurcation from the host contract. The fair value of these components of $3.0 million was recorded as a debt discount and will be adjusted to fair value at the end of each future reporting period. The Company recorded total debt discount and debt issuance costs of $3.3 million, to be amortized over five years using an effective interest method. Debt discount and debt issuance costs include the fair value of the embedded features at the issuance date of $3.0 million and debt issuance costs paid totaling $0.3 million.

Notes Payable

Promissory Note

The Company issued a secured promissory note (the “Promissory Note”) in the original principal amount of $4.0 million issued by the Purchaser to the Sellers’ representative. The Sellers’ representative is a current employee of the Company. The Promissory Note does not bear interest, is subject to partial prepayment (reduction of the outstanding principal amount down to $1.3 million) on the second anniversary of the Closing Date, and is payable in full on the third anniversary of the Closing Date. The Purchaser can reduce the principal amount of the Promissory Note (i) to satisfy certain post-closing adjustments to the Transaction purchase price, (ii) to satisfy the Sellers’ indemnification obligations under the Purchase Agreement, and (iii) if GDSI’s President is terminated for cause or due to disability or resigns without good reason prior to maturity the Promissory Note will be cancelled in its entirety. The Promissory Note is secured by certain of the Purchaser’s and GDSI’s assets. In the event of certain events of default, including failure to pay amounts due under the Promissory Note and certain bankruptcy events, the outstanding principal amount of the Promissory Note will become immediately due. The Promissory Note will be recognized on a straight line basis over the term of the Promissory Note as compensation expense. The Company recorded compensation expense totaling $1.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2024 and $0.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2023, in “General and administrative expenses” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations with the associated liability included in “Notes payable” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Short Term Note

The Company issued a secured note (the “Customer Note”) in the original principal amount of $8.0 million issued by the Company to a key customer and is included in “Notes payable” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Customer Note does not bear interest and is subject to periodic repayment against sales made to the customer. The Customer Note is secured by certain of the Company’s assets. Pursuant to the sales agreement with this key customer, the Company agreed to sell products up to $21 million at an agreed upon price per unit. It also contains an option for the customer to buy additional products at a reduced price per unit. No revenue has been recognized from this sales agreement for the year ended June 30, 2024.