Note 10. Stockholders’ Equity

Equity issuances

During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company sold a total of 2,640,819 shares of its common stock at the $5.50 per share for aggregate gross proceeds of $14.5 million before deducting commissions and expenses of approximately $1.2 million. The proceeds of the offering will be used to fund development and commercialization of the Company’s technology, capital expenditures and general corporate expenditures. In addition to the commissions and expenses paid, the Company issued to the placement agents warrants to purchase 154,177 shares of the Company’s common stock. The warrants represent a cost of the offering, have a grant date fair value of $645,757 and are shown as an offset on the consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity.

The fair values of the warrants were estimated at the dates of grant using a binomial option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

During the quarter ended December 31, 2017, the Company also issued 542,450 shares of its common stock to investors in the Company’s private placement offering that closed in May 2017. These issuances were made pursuant to the price-protection provisions granted to such investors in their subscription agreements.

Stock incentive plans

During the six months ended December 31, 2017, the Company granted employees and directors options to purchase 1,006,859 shares of common stock. The fair values of the Company’s options were estimated at the dates of grant using a Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

Expected term: The Company’s expected term is based on the period the options are expected to remain outstanding. The Company estimated this amount utilizing the “Simplified Method” in that the Company does not have sufficient historical experience to provide a reasonable basis to estimate an expected term.

Risk-free interest rate: The Company uses the risk-free interest rate of a U.S. Treasury Note with a similar term on the date of the grant.

Volatility: The Company calculates the expected volatility of the stock price using the historical volatilities of the Company’s common stock traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

Dividend yield: The Company uses a 0% expected dividend yield as the Company has not paid dividends to date and does not anticipate declaring dividends in the near future.

The following is a summary of the option activity:

As of December 31, 2017, the total intrinsic value of options outstanding and exercisable was $756,800 and $378,400, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, the Company has approximately $3.8 million in unrecognized stock-based compensation expense attributable to the outstanding options, which will be amortized over a period of 2.94 years.

For the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded $466,177 and $7,040, respectively, in stock-based compensation related to stock options, which is reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded $484,840 and $14,080, respectively, in stock-based compensation related to stock options, which is reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Issuance of restricted shares - employees and consultants

Restricted stock awards are considered outstanding at the time of execution by the Company and the recipient of a restricted stock agreement, as the holders of such restricted stock award are entitled to dividend and voting rights. As of December 31, 2017, the number of shares granted for which the restrictions have not lapsed was 1,023,506 shares.

The Company recognizes the compensation expense for all share-based compensation granted based on the grant date fair value for directors and employees and the reporting period remeasured fair value for consultants. Share-based compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award as if the award was, in-substance, multiple awards. The fair value of the award is recorded as share-based compensation expense over the respective restricted period. Any portion of the grant awarded to consultants, directors, employees, and other service providers as to which the repurchase option has not lapsed is accrued on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as a component of accounts payable and accrued expenses. As of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, the accrued stock-based compensation was $678,116 and $399,157, respectively. The Company has the right to repurchase some or all of such shares in certain circumstances upon termination of the recipient’s service with the Company, for up to 60 months from the date of termination (“repurchase option”). The shares as to which the repurchase option has not lapsed are subject to forfeiture upon certain terminations of consulting and employment relationships.

In September 2015, the Company amended the original restricted stock award agreement for certain award recipients. Pursuant to the amendment, 75% of the shares as to which the repurchase option had not lapsed as of September 30, 2015 were released from the repurchase option on the third anniversary of the original effective date of the respective agreements. The remaining 25% of the shares will be released from the repurchase option on the fourth anniversary of the original effective date.

Unvested restricted stock awards granted under the Akoustis, Inc. 2014 Stock Plan (the “2014 Plan”) and the Akoustis Technologies, Inc. 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2015 Plan”) are subject to repurchase options upon certain terminations of the respective recipient’s service with the Company. Under the terms of the respective award agreements, repurchases will generally be made for no value or for par value. In connection with the resignations of two employees, the Company delivered notices to such employees in September 2017, notifying them that the Company would repurchase an aggregate 58,152 shares of restricted stock from them pursuant to the terms of their respective award agreements. The Company completed these repurchases during the second quarter of fiscal 2018.

The following is a summary of restricted stock units (“RSU’s”) and restricted stock awards (“RSA’s”):

In relation to the above restricted stock agreements for the three months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for the shares that have vested of $931,894 and $1,536,602, respectively.

In relation to the above restricted stock agreements for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense for the shares that have vested of $1,450,226 and $2,233,782, respectively.

As of December 31, 2017, the Company had approximately $7.0 million in unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to the unvested shares.